Chemical Compounds, Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities of Volatile Oil From Piper Sarmentosum Roxb., Polyscias Fruticose Harms. And Polygonum Odoratum Lour.

The volatile oils from fresh leaves of Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Polyscias fruticose Harms. and Polygonum odoratum Lour. Were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed through a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were obtained in 0.0124, 0.1384 and 0.0567% yield, respectively. All volatile oils exist as a yellow liquid. The major constituents of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. were β-caryphyllene (42.51%), α-selinene (11.27%), (+)-β-selinene (11.24%), β-elemene (10.85%) and α-humulene (6.99%). The identified constituents of Polyscias fruticose Harms. include α-bergamotene (20.25%), γ-elemene (15.28%), and germacrene d (13.29%). Two peaks with relative areas of 25.19% and 14.53%, respectively remained unidentified. The major constituents of Polygonum odoratum Lour. Were dodecanal (39.54%), decanal (21.14%), β-caryphyllene (10.10%), 1-tetradeconal (8.84%) and euparone (7.36%). In addition, the volatile oils from Polyscias fruticose Harms. and Polygonum odoratum Lour. Showed significant pharmacological effect (ED₅₀ << 30µg/ml) to anticancer activity, while Piper sarmentosum Roxb. oil exhibited only weak cytotoxic effect (ED₅₀ > 30 µg/ml), from primary screening tests with P388 (mouse lymphocytic leukemia) cells. Moreover, none of the components exhibited antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ values of >> 100µg/ml) in a DPPH radical scavenging assay.

Keywords: GC-MS, Volatile oil, Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Polyscias fruticose Harms., Polygonum odoratum Lour., Anticancer, Antioxidant

Corresponding author: E-mail: t_chem@hotmail.com