Antibiofilm and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of Biological Nanoparticles

Despite the availability of numerous antibacterial treatments, infectious diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria remain a significant public health threat and are rapidly becoming the leading cause of global mortality. The emergence of multidrug resistance is due to the extensive use of high-dose antibiotics. Additionally, biofilm is another barrier to effective disease treatment because bacteria trapped in biofilm can resist antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the development of new strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria and biofilm-associated infections is urgently needed. This is why special attention has been given to a recent area, "nanotechnology". Nanoparticles could be a source of hope for this problem as they can not only eliminate biofilms, but also interfere with quorum sensing (QS). Several studies have highlighted the advantages of biosynthesis over physiochemical synthesis of nanoparticles. These biologically synthesized nanoparticles demand special attention since this green technology combines energy and cost efficiency with environmental friendliness. This review summarizes the use of biological nanoparticles as biofilm and QS-inhibitors to combat biofilm-associated infections.